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CRÉDIT D'IMPOT RECHERCHE: L'ÉNIGMATIQUE RAPPORT CARREZ - Sciences²

Le crédit d'impot recherche explose, est-ce une bonne idée ? Nicolas Sarkozyse vante d'offrir aux entreprise l'accueil fiscal "le meilleur au monde" pour leurs activités de recherche et développement. Et cet outil fiscal est présenté par Valérie Pécresse comme une action majeure de sa politique. Voir sur le site du Sénat sa passe d'armes avec le sénateur communiste Yvan Renar sur ce sujet en juin dernier.

Un extrait de la réponse de Valérie Pécresse à Yvan Renar illustre l'ampleur du problème posé, en termes financiers : «Les premières évaluations quantitatives ne pourront être réalisées qu'à partir de 2010, mais nous savons dès maintenant que les entreprises utilisent de plus en plus le crédit d'impôt recherche : le nombre d'entreprises concernées s'est accru de 61 % en quatre ans, et la créance fiscale moyenne a augmenté de 62 % pour atteindre 252 000 euros. Ce dispositif est bon pour nos entreprises, que nous devons accompagner en période de crise économique. Il représente pour l'État un investissement de 4 milliards d'euros par an en créance fiscale, et une dépense fiscale de 1,4 milliard en 2008, 5,8 milliards en 2009 - dont 3,8 milliards au titre du plan de relance- et 1 milliard en 2010.» Les milliards valsent... mais avec quel résultat ?


Le député UMP Gilles Carrez vient de publier un rapport sur le sujet. Il vaut le détour, en particulier par son caractère énigmatique. Alors que le député trace des plans sur la comète en attendant monts et merveilles - croissance de la recherche privée et créations d'emplois par milliers (25 000 postes de chercheurs en entreprises créés par ce dispositif fiscal entre 2008 et 2020 annonce t-il !) - de la réforme du CIR, les chiffres réels qu'il apporte ensuite à la démonstration montrent tout autre chose, et font plutôt prévoir un gaspillage d'argent public.

Le début de son rapport se veut hautement théorique, économétrique, scientifique. Et prétend que la relation entre ce type de dépenses fiscales et la création de connaissances, voire le point de PIB et même les effectifs de la recherche privée est si bien connue que l'on peut d'ores et déjà affirmer que :

«Le multiplicateur de la dépense fiscale à long terme apparaît ainsi comme très élevé : il est de l'ordre de 4,5 au bout de 15 ans pour un effet de levier multiplicatif de 2. L'effort budgétaire annuel est en effet de l'ordre de 0,13 point de PIB tandis que l'effet sur le PIB à l'horizon 2022 est de 0,6 point de PIB, ce qui signifie que chaque euro dépensé par l'État sous forme de CIR se traduit par une augmentation du PIB de 4,50 euros

La suite ici: http://sciences.blogs.liberation.fr/home/2009/07/crédit-dimpot-recherche-lénigmatique-rapport-carrez.html 

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